Introduction to Common Microbial Culture Media (I)

Introduction to Common Microbial Culture Media (I)

ʻO ka moʻomeheu kahi ʻano o ka matrix nutrient hui ʻia i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai nā mea like ʻole e like me nā pono o ka ulu ʻana o nā microbial like ʻole, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka moʻomeheu a hoʻokaʻawale i nā microorganism like ʻole.No laila, pono e loaʻa i ka matrix meaʻai nā meaʻai (me ke kumu kalapona, kumu nitrogen, ikehu, paʻakai inorganic, kumu ulu) a me ka wai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nā microorganism.Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā microorganism a me ke kumu o ka hoʻokolohua, aia nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau o ka media moʻomeheu.

Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau media moʻomeheu maʻamau i ka hoʻokolohua penei:

ʻO ka meaʻai agar medium:

Hoʻohana ʻia ka medium agar nutrient no ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka moʻomeheu o nā maʻi bacteria maʻamau, no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka helu ʻana o ka maʻi bacterial, mālama i nā ʻano bacteria a me ka moʻomeheu maʻemaʻe.ʻO nā mea nui: ka pipi pipi, ka mea hū, ka peptone, ka sodium chloride, ka pauka agar, ka wai distilled.Hāʻawi ka Peptone a me ka pauka pipi i ka nitrogen, vitamina, amino acid a me nā kumu kalapona, hiki i ka sodium chloride ke mālama i ke kaomi osmotic kaulike, a ʻo agar ka coagulant o ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu.

ʻO ka Nutritional agar ke ʻano kumu o ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, aia ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai e pono ai no ka ulu ʻana o ka microbial.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka meaʻai agar no ka moʻomeheu bacteria maʻamau.

ʻO ke koko agar media:

ʻO ke koko agar medium kahi ʻano pipi hoʻoheheʻe peptone me ke koko holoholona defibrinated (maʻa mau ke koko rabbit a i ʻole koko hipa).No laila, ma waho aʻe o nā meaʻai like ʻole e pono ai no ka mahi ʻana i ka bacteria, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i ka coenzyme (e like me ka factor V), heme (factor X) a me nā mea ulu kūikawā ʻē aʻe.No laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke ʻano moʻomeheu koko e mahiʻai, hoʻokaʻawale a mālama i kekahi mau microorganism pathogenic e koi ana i ka meaʻai.

Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke koko agar no ka hoʻāʻo hemolysis.I ka wā o ka ulu ʻana, hiki i kekahi mau huakini ke hana i ka hemolysin e wāwahi a hoʻopau i nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula.Ke ulu lākou ma ka pā koko, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā apo hemolytic transparent a translucent a puni ka koloni.ʻO ka pathogenicity o ka nui o nā bacteria pili i nā ʻano hemolytic.No ka mea ʻokoʻa ka hemolysin i hana ʻia e nā bacteria like ʻole, ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka mana hemolytic, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke ʻano hemolysis ma ka pā koko.No laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hemolysis e ʻike i ka bacteria.

TCBS mea waena:

ʻO TCBS ka thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar medium.No ka hoʻokaʻawale koho ʻana i ka vibrio pathogenic.Hoʻohana ʻia ka peptone a me ka mea hū e like me nā meaʻai maʻamau i ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu e hāʻawi i kahi kumu nitrogen, kumu kalapona, nā huaora a me nā mea ulu ʻē aʻe e pono ai no ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria;Hiki i ka nui o ka sodium chloride ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka ulu halophilic o vibrio;Sucrose ma ke ano he kumu kalapona fermentable;ʻO ka sodium citrate, ka pH alkaline kiʻekiʻe a me ka sodium thiosulfate e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi bacterial.ʻO ka pauka bile pipi a me ka sodium thiosulfate ka mea e pale ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā hua bacteria gram-positive.Eia kekahi, hāʻawi pū ka sodium thiosulfate i kahi kumu sulfur.Ma ke alo o ka ferric citrate, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hydrogen sulfide e ka bacteria.Inā loaʻa nā hua bacteria e hana ana i ka hydrogen sulfide, e hana ʻia ka sediment ʻeleʻele ma ka pā;ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka TCBS medium he bromocresol blue a me thymol blue, ʻo ia nā hōʻailona kumu waika.ʻO ka Bromocresol blue kahi hōʻailona acid-base me ka pae hoʻololi pH o 3.8 (melemele) a 5.4 (uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo).ʻElua mau pae hoʻololi: (1) ʻo ka pae waika pH 1.2 ~ 2.8, hoʻololi mai ka melemele a ʻulaʻula;(2) ʻO ka pae alkali he pH 8.0 ~ 9.6, hoʻololi mai ka melemele i ka uliuli.

TSA cheese soybean peptone agar medium:

ʻO ke ʻano o ka TSA e like me ka nutrient agar.Ma ke kūlana aupuni, hoʻohana maʻamau ia e hoʻāʻo i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka bacteria i nā lumi maʻemaʻe (nā wahi) o ka ʻoihana lāʻau.E koho i ka wahi ho'āʻo ma kahi e ho'āʻoʻia ai, e wehe i ka pā TSA a kau ma kahi ho'āʻo.E lawe ʻia nā laʻana i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai i ka ea no 30 mau minuke no nā manawa like ʻole, a laila moʻomeheu ʻia no ka helu ʻana.Pono nā pae hoʻomaʻemaʻe like ʻole i nā helu kolo.

Mueller Hinton agar:

ʻO ka MH medium kahi mea microbial i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i ke kūʻē ʻana o nā microorganisms i nā lāʻau antibiotic.He mea koho ʻole ia e ulu ai ka hapa nui o nā microorganism.Eia kekahi, hiki i ka starch i loko o nā meaʻai ke komo i nā toxins i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka bacteria, no laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i nā hopena o ka hana antibiotic.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka medium MH he mea ʻoluʻolu loa ia, he mea kūpono ia i ka laha ʻana o nā lāʻau antibiotic, i hiki ai ke hōʻike i kahi ʻāpana inhibition ulu.Ma ka ʻoihana olakino o Kina, hoʻohana ʻia ka MH medium no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau.I ka wā e hana ai i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi mau bacteria kūikawā, e like me Streptococcus pneumoniae, 5% koko hipa a me NAD hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ke kikowaena e hoʻokō i nā koi meaʻai like ʻole.

SS agar:

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka SS agar no ka hoʻokaʻawale koho a me ka moʻomeheu o Salmonella a me Shigella.Kāohi ia i ka bacteria gram-positive, ka nui o nā coliforms a me ka proteus, akā ʻaʻole pili i ka ulu ʻana o salmonella;Hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium thiosulfate a me ka ferric citrate e ʻike ai i ka hana o ka hydrogen sulfide, e ʻeleʻele ai ke kikowaena koloni;ʻO ka ʻulaʻula neutral ka hōʻailona pH.He ʻulaʻula ka koloni o ke kō fermenting, a ʻaʻole waihoʻoluʻu ka koloni o ke kō nonfermenting.ʻO Salmonella he kolo ʻeleʻele a ʻālohilohi me ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ke kikowaena ʻeleʻele, a ʻo Shigella he koloni kala ʻole a maopopo.